Novel method for producing high-strength and biocompatible implants proposed by UNN researchers
The technology, which relies on bimetallic 3D printing, has successfully undergone laboratory testing. In the long term, it could be applied to develop a new generation of customised implants for traumatology, orthopedics, and maxillofacial surgery.
A common issue ith modern implants is striking the right balance between mechanical strength and biocompatibility. The titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, which is frequently used today, has the required characteristics but includes aluminium and vanadium. Over time, microparticles of these elements may be released, causing toxic effects on the body. This can result in damage to the nervous system, reduced bone strength, and the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
Pure titanium is biologically inert and shows optimal compatibility with biological tissues, but it lacks sufficient strength, which limits its application in structures exposed to significant loads. The method proposed by Nizhny Novgorod researchers addresses this issue by integrating two materials within a single technological cycle of additive manufacturing, known as selective laser melting.
The item’s internal structure is formed from a durable titanium alloy, providing reliability and longevity. The outer layer, just 1-1.5 mm thick and in direct contact with the bone, is made of entirely safe, pure titanium. This biologically inert layer facilitates rapid and efficient osteointegration.
"The proposed method resolves the fundamental conflict in the properties of materials used in implantology. A high-strength structure is formed, completely isolated from interaction with the body by a biocompatible coating. This approach improves clinical outcomes, and the implementation of additive technologies makes the production of complex bimetallic items easier and more cost-effective," explains Sergei Shotin, a researcher from the Laboratory for Additive Technologies and Material Design at the UNN Physics and Technology Research Institute.
Materials produced by bimetallic 3D printing can be used to manufacture joint prostheses or dental implants that are tailored to patients' anatomical features. This advantage is particularly important in pediatric traumatology, where implants need to be replaced due to physiological growth of the patients.
The project was carried out as part of the Russian Science Foundation grant titled "Developing a new class of titanium-based materials and novel types of cellular low-modulus structures using layer-by-layer laser melting technology for medical applications," in line with the objectives of the Priority 2030 programme. This research contributes to attaining scientific and technological leadership in personalised medicine and new materials.
The method has been patented with the support of the UNN Innovation Development Centre.
